In most cases, hackers are the first to discover a zero-day vulnerability.
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During this period, network administrators implement measures to mitigate the zero-day vulnerability, for example, disabling some services until a patch is released. If a hacker discovers a vulnerability, it takes time for him or her to develop malware.
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Typically, when someone finds a potential security issue in a piece of software, he or she will notify the software supplier or release it to the public, and the software supplier will start to repair the vulnerability and develop a corresponding patch. How Does a Zero-Day Vulnerability Lead to a Zero-Day Attack? Therefore, "zero-day" often means the vulnerability is unknown to software vendors and the public but known to hackers or traders on the dark web. Only when such a vulnerability is disclosed can it be detected by software vendors and the public and called a zero-day vulnerability. "Zero-day" is no longer used to indicate how many days the vulnerability has existed as hackers may have discovered the vulnerability a long time ago but not yet disclosed it.
"Zero-day" can also refer to an attack that exploits such a vulnerability the day it is disclosed. If no patch is available after N days, it is called an N-day vulnerability. In most cases, a patch cannot be developed on the same day when a vulnerability is disclosed. The number in "N-day" indicates the number of days after such a vulnerability is disclosed but no patch has been developed, which in the case of "zero-day" indicates that a patch is not developed the day such a vulnerability is disclosed.
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